Discussion of State Sovereignty and Globalization

This paper aims to discuss the rather amorphous concepts of ‘state sovereignty’ and ‘Globalization’ and how the notion of sovereignty has been diluted over the years by this phenomenon of globalization. To narrow down the analysis this paper will consider the dilution of sovereignty under the light of a primary force of globalization; Transnational Corporations. With the birth of the state, the concept of sovereignty originated. This included both internal and external sovereignty; however, the latter was recognized much later after the end of the ‘Thirty Years War’ and the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia. Internal Sovereignty was defined as the ability to exercise control and authority within the territorial boundaries of the state.†¦show more content†¦The company was seeking policy favors, legal concessions and maximizing its profits while the dictators required foreign direct investment, economic development and enhancement of p ersonal wealth through grafts and underhand dealings. The relationship worked well till 1944 when as a result of free elections the paradigm changed and a democratic dispensation was ushered in under President Juan Arevalo succeeded by Jacobo Arbenz in 1951 elections. The democratic government of Arevalo had an altogether different mindset. Both Arevalo and his successor Arbenz started on a path of progressively reforming the society. A comprehensive program for social uplift of the Guatemalan people was charted out. Its major focus was on equitable distribution of national income, allowing civil liberties, empowering people and most importantly attempting to reduce the monopolistic control of different sectors of the economy by United Fruits Company. President Arbenz started planning to create a parallel railway network which was to provide cheap accessibility and transportation to the people. He also planned another port on the Atlantic to be run under the government control and building a hydro electric plant providing cheap electricity in competition with the one made by the Americans. The prime point of conflict, however, arose when the Arbenz government decided to implement agrarian reforms in the country. It was aimed at buying and redistributing unused land toShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of The United Nations878 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization has been happening at a rapid pace within the last few c enturies. States are expanding their economies to outside their own borders, creating a more global economy by way of exportation and importation of various products. Transportation has gotten faster and more reliable. Telecommunication is no longer just by use of stationary landline phones. With all these changes people are becoming more interconnected with each other. However with all the economic and technological gains thereRead MoreGlobalization is Rooted in Neo-liberalism and Liberalism1401 Words   |  6 Pagesthe patterns of development in the contemporary globalized world denotes that globalization is a reality. Globalization is mainly rooted in the theoretical concepts of liberalism and neo-liberalism, which opine that the only means through which global development can be attained is through the promotion of a laissez faire state across the globe. In this way, it becomes easy to spur development due to the opening up of states for trade and other exchanges in the politic al, social, and cultural realmsRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Globalization on State Relationships879 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization, both as an ideology and process, has become the dominant political, economical and cultural force in the 21st century. Quote from Globalism: The New Market Ideology by Manfred D.Steger, Page 6 One of the biggest questions currently asked in international politics seeks to determine the role that globalization plays in world and its effect on state relationships. While there is debate about the extent to which globalization is occurring and influencing international relationsRead MoreThe Importance of Sovereignty Today Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagesthe concept of sovereignty beneficial in our lives today despite the onset of globalization? While many people may argue that the benefits of globalization outweigh those of sovereignty, few would recognize the fact that there is still a need for sovereign states in our societies today i n order to eliminate, for instance, the demise of the middle class, and the social disintegration between lower wage earners and higher salary earners that comes about as a result of globalization. In this essay,Read MoreHard and Soft forms of Globalisation Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesa SOFT GLOBALIZATION Tool Before starting the discussion on UNCITRAL as a soft globalization tool, it is necessary to understand the concept of soft law and hard law. â€Å"Soft Law† Nonbinding legal principles are often referred to as soft law. They are of normative nature and are applied only through voluntary acceptance. They are established legal rules that are not positive and therefore not judicially binding (i.e Hard Law). â€Å"Hard law refers to legally binding obligations of the States that areRead MoreThe Modern Economy Consists Of The Commodification Of Everything1629 Words   |  7 Pagesreturning the sovereignty over food to small-scale farmers and rural groups, are we moving backwards or is it just a familiar revision to improve the future of agriculture? It is a common misconception to believe that sovereignty and security are synonymous phrases to describe the issues in modern food systems. However, while food security explicitly refers to aiding areas with difficulties meeting food needs due to the lack of quality and quantity necessary to sustain its members, food sovereignty, coinedRead MoreWe Are Not The World By Greg Ip1341 Words   |  6 Pagesideologies regarding to how â€Å"make America great again†, the situation of the crisis of the European Union and the raising protagonist of china in the international trade; leaves an uncertainty as to where the global economy is headed. Likewise, the main discussion is no longer between a left or right political spectrum, if not the divergence of ideologies being the nationalism and globalism the protagonists. This paper summarizes and analyzes the article entitled We Are Not the World written by the authorRead MoreFuture Analysis of Nation State6263 Words   |  26 PagesFu ture Analysis of The Nation-State System Introduction: It is common to hear of the threats to the nation-state system in the contemporary world. Such threats seem to originate from many different quarters, at different level of the global system. This impending sense that the nation-state is somehow in â€Å"crisis† led to analyze the question of â€Å"the contemporary crisis of the nation-state?† But before we go into the analysis, it is important to look into the ideas that would help to understandRead MoreThe Phenomenon of Globalization1498 Words   |  6 PagesA precise definition of the concept of globalization has not been formulated despite the efforts of many experts in a variety of disciplines. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that globalization has begun to take effect throughout the world and that as it develops it has begun to transform the worlds economy, its social structure, and political balance (Roundtree, 2006). How pervasive these changes may be remains to be seen but the fact that they are taking place cannot be denied. As indicatedRead MoreImpact Of Terrorism On Contemporary International Relation1786 Words   |  8 Pagesis key to get policy makers attention. Defining terrorism is difficult because it has so many factors but it simply has one key point and that is the act of violence. Violence is used by small groups to achieve political change and it goes back to state violence against citizens during French Revolution and historically that is how terrorism has come to be defined. Terrorism has four groups that small groups pursue which are, ideological, ethnic, religious exclusion and persecution. There are also

Harriet Jacobs - 1175 Words

Although all the slave narratives are similar in some respects; Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was comparatively different from Olaudah Equiano’s and Venture Smith’s slave narratives. The major contrasts start in the beginning; Jacobs’ was born into slavery, whereas Equiano and Smith were native Africans who were captured and brought to America. By being born into slavery I believe that she had a different mentality of what being a slave was, unlike the other two authors who had to learn the language and had to adapt to a completely different environment. Although all of them had different life experiences, I believe that what makes Jacobs’ story stand out is that is was told from the perspective of a woman.†¦show more content†¦Her plight in acquiring freedom is parallel to that of Anne Frank; she hid in the crawl space for seven years from 1835 to 1842; sewing reading the Bible, and keeping watch over her most prize d possessions, her children. I believe that living there was both a blessing and a curse; she was able to see her children grow up but she could never talk to them or hold them. She was safe but in a way she was in constant danger of being found. She was close to freedom but she had to stay in a cramped space for seven years. What she had to endure made her seem more relatable to then the other slave narratives that I read. She was determined to be free and for both her children to be free and this was the only way she knew of how to accomplish her dream. After Jacobs’ ran away from Mr. Flint, Dr. Flint never gave up looking for Harriet. This was another difference in this narrative; the owner had somewhat of an obsession with his former slave. He did everything in his power to find her, from putting out wanted ads offering money for her return, writing and visiting New York where he thought she was hiding, and constantly questioning her family on her whereabouts. It was as though he couldn’t deal with the fact that he didn’t have control over her anymore. Maybe it was because she didn’t give into his sexual advances or maybe it was just because a slave had outsmarted him, but his determination to enslave Jacobs’ again was peculiar. Another way Incidents in the Life ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Harriet Jacobs 778 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Jacobs, or Linda Brent in the book, was born in 1813 near Edenton, North Carolina as a slave. She was blessed with, in her words, â€Å"unusually fortunate circumstances(Jacobs, Pg.3)† until age six when her mother died. She stayed with her mistress, Margaret Horniblow, until she was twelve years old where on her mistress’s death she was willed to her mistress’s niece and as a result her new mistress’s father, Dr. Flint. Unlike with her previous mistress, her life with the Flints was harsh andRead MoreHarriet Jacobs’ Fight Against Intolerance713 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"My master had power and low on his side; I had determined will. There is might in each† a statement from Harriet Ann Jacobs reflecting her will to overcome the standards of society (97). Harriet Jacobs’ life revolved around slavery from birth to death. Jacobs was a mother of two with determination and insight to make choices to change the way of life for her children. Harriet Jacobs was the first African American women to have her slave narrative published retelling her life story exposingRead MoreHarriet Jacobs s Life Of A Slave1896 Words   |  8 PagesHarriet Jacobs was born a slave herself in Edenton, North Carolina and was one of the first women to write a slave narrative in the United States of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). It was to address the white women of the North and thousands of â€Å"Slave mothers that are still in bondage in the South† (Jacobs 126). Jacobs tells her life of twenty-seven years in slavery in-depth life as a slave, and the choices she made to gain freedom for herself and her children. She writes a storyRead MoreThe Feminism Of Harriet Jacobs1260 Words   |  6 PagesNehemiah Walls Oct. 29, 2016 Eng.333 The Feminism of Harriet Jacobs Since the early annuls of history minority groups have always faced opposition for the dominating forcing. As a counter rebuttal movements and uprisings usually occurred in order to correct and promote better treatment within these oppressed groups. Feminism served as a mechanism to promote equity amongst gender, sexual, ethnic, and even economic lines. Notwithstanding, there still looms bigotry and oppression from the heavilyRead MoreEssay on Harriet Jacobs474 Words   |  2 PagesHarriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was written to appeal to an audience of free white women and to involve them in the antislavery struggle. At a more personal level, it was written to vindicate Harriet Jacobs, both to reveal her history and to account for it in a public setting. Jacobss narrative signals several significant departures from the literary and social conventions of the slave narrative, a genre that enjoyed widespread popularity in the United StatesRead MoreHarriet Jacobs Vs. Douglas1263 Words   |  6 PagesTamera Buckner Ashley Morgan ENG 1013 D3 25 2/21/2016 Harriet Jacobs vs Fredrick Douglas Slavery was one of the most tragic memories known for in the black race. Slavery is the process at which an African American is purchased by a Caucasian who is used for exhausting labor work such as picking cotton, or tending to house work and being restricted from freedom. All of the slaves were used and abused physically, mentally, and emotionally. In some cases abuse was the death of many of those slavesRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave By Harriet Jacob Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pageswere treated is because of three autobiographies, Incidents in the Life of a Slave by Harriet Jacob, Autobiography of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, who had a huge impact during the times of slavery, and Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Because of these three autobiographies historians can accurately explain how bad slavery was. A very helpful source of the time of slavery was Harriet Ann Jacobs. She is part of the reason on why people know so much about slavery. Her stories tellRead MoreA Brief History of Harriet Jacobs575 Words   |  2 Pages As a slave and as a runaway, Harriet Jacobs suffered more psychological abuse than physical abuse. Harriet Jacobs had to withstand massive amounts of pain and psychological torture due to her place in society as a slave. Jacobs does not leave out the physical aspect of the suffering, however, she focuses more on the spiritual and emotional aspect of the slavery age. Although Jacobs had a relatively easy life in comparison to other slaves, she was deprived from basic human rights and necessitiesRead MoreHarriet Jacobs : A Strong Woman1367 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs was a strong woman who endured the hardships of slavery since childhood in the nineteenth century. She was treated well as a child, but when her mistress passed away, she was willed to her deceas ed mistress s niece. It was upon living with that family where she faced her greatest problem. In that household, she dealt with Dr. Flint s harassment and his wife s jealousy. Jacobs later on had a bay in hopes that it would lead a better life than she did. Through describing events, conversingRead MoreThe Fight For Freedom By Harriet Jacobs2100 Words   |  9 PagesProf. Wall English 2327-001 21 November 2014 The Fight for Freedom Harriet Jacobs, in her narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, was born into slavery in the south. While her youth contained â€Å"six years of happy childhood,† a few tragedies and mistresses later, Jacobs spent many years in pain under the possession of her cruel five-year-old mistress, Emily Flint, and Emily’s father, Dr. Flint. Once able to obtain freedom, Jacobs spent most of her life working for the Anti-Slavery office in New

Beneath the Cross Catholics and Huguenots In Sixteenth Century France Free Essays

Barbara B. Diefendorf, a distinguished historian, narrates the events prior to the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in France. We will write a custom essay sample on Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots In Sixteenth Century France or any similar topic only for you Order Now The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was a way for the ruling French monarchy to dispose or eliminate all Huguenots in France. After the Protestant Reformation in Germany, there was a diversification of the Protestant faith all over Europe. In Switzerland, Zwingli established a sect that mixed Orthodox Catholicism and Lutheranism. In England, Henry VIII declared himself as the supreme head of the Church of England, without changing traditional elements of Catholic faith. In Geneva, a zealous preacher, John Calvin, taught the doctrine of predestination. According to this doctrine, before a man is born, his soul was ordained by God to be in either heaven or hell. Man, even by his own freewill, cannot change his destination. Thus, in order to assail his own salvation, he must show to the world that he is destined to heaven. The trajectory of life, according to Calvin, is cloaked with uncertainty of the afterlife. This doctrine shocked the even Calvin’s Protestant contemporaries, notably Luther and Zwingli. The Pope even agreed with other Protestant leaders that such faith could not be Christian or borne out of Christ-centered faith. Thus, the first seed of persecution was released. Among all Protestant faiths, Calvinism suffered the longest and most brutal persecution. Other factors also contributed to the Calvinist persecution in Europe (especially in France). Among were as follows: 1) The Huguenots were able to acquire political and economic power (thus assuming significance in European affairs; 2) The new faith rejected the absolute power of the monarchy. It proposed a new social system that relies heavily on communalism and brotherhood; 3) And, pressure from the Papacy forced Catholic countries to realign their policies toward traditional faith and social system (this was a reactionary move to the ideals of Calvinism). Main Theme of the Book In the book, the main theme can be summed up as: the gradual toleration of Huguenots in France generally resulted to increasing persecution of the adherents of Calvinism (although Huguenots comprised only 5% of the French population). The resulting struggle between Catholics and Huguenots was known as â€Å"The Wars of Religion. † For more than two centuries, France was the scene of legal and military struggle between the two factions, until Cardinal Richelieu (the regent of Louis XIII) and King Louis XIV destroyed the last bastions of Huguenots in France. The main theme is subdivided into three sub themes. Here are as follows: 1) The first stage of the conflict (from 1557 to 1563) was characterized by breakdown of order in the city of Paris. The Huguenots were initially granted toleration in the Edict of Amboise; 2) The second stage (from 1563 to 1577) was seen as the initial criss-cross theological battle of Catholic and Huguenot theologians in some of Europe’s prestigious universities. Catholic theologians were led by the Jesuits. Huguenot professors were headed by the first students of Calvin; 3) The third stage (from 1567 to 1572) was provoked by religious discontent of both Catholics and Huguenots. Catholics (especially the nobility and the French monarchy) wanted the deterioration of the economic and political power of the Huguenots. The Huguenots demanded more toleration (the opening of more districts for Huguenot worship and the removal of Huguenot books from the list of forbidden books). This was the period prior to the St. Bartholomew’s Massacre. Results Many Catholics in France felt that the degree of toleration granted to the Huguenots (the followers of Calvin) was more than enough to destroy the authority of the Church and the Catholic monarchy. There was an increasing call among traditionalists to destroy the very foundation of Calvinism: their worship districts. Admiral Coligny, the leader of the Huguenots, was severely wounded after an assassination. Several clashes between Catholic and Huguenots were notably in most of France’s major cities. On the night of august 23, a decision was taken at the Louvre to kill Coligny and the entire Huguenot hierarchy. Catherine de Medici, the mother queen, forced his son Charles IX to sign the order. Thus the infamous massacre in history finally came. Generally, the result of â€Å"The Wars of Religion† was the destruction of Huguenot power and the restoration of Catholicism as the official state religion of France. Methods The use of â€Å"historical documents† was highly noted in the book. Several documents dating back to the sixteenth century were presented to compound the main thoughts of the author. There was also a heavy reliance on the use of autobiographies, especially that of the Huguenot leaders who survived the massacre. In general, the methods used by the author were complex in structure and analytical in form. General Critique The author was able to historically â€Å"slice† the events prior to the Huguenot massacre. This is unlike other history books where events were seen as linear progression of cause and effect. Here, events were treated as a web of related forms, leading to a major event. It failed though to explain the â€Å"conditions† which gave Huguenots tremendous power in France despite their minute number. BIBLIOGRAPHY Diefendorf, Barbara B. Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in Sixteenth-Century Paris. (New York: Oxford UP, 1991). How to cite Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots In Sixteenth Century France, Papers

Satisfaction Level of Government Sector Employees †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Satisfaction Level of Government Sector Employees. Answer: Introduction: Job satisfaction is the combination of feelings an employee possess towards his job and role. It is a subjective variable that ascertains whether employees expectations are met or not while working for an organization. Job satisfaction refers to the contentment an employee derives from the job which directly affects his commitment towards the organization (Kaliski, 2007). It has been proved in many studies that job satisfaction yields productivity on the job. An employee who feels satisfied with his job tends to perform excellently as compared to his counterparts who do not feel the same (Lease, 1998). Job satisfaction is a strong indicator of employees attitude at the job (Saari Timothy, 2004). The process of measuring job satisfaction can be complicated and may give incoherent outcomes. The reason lies in the fact that job satisfaction is a subjective phenomenon. The components that potentially affect an employees level of satisfaction with job vary from person to person. Some people give more importance to financial rewards whereas others focus on career growth opportunities in the organization. Furthermore, the factors affecting job satisfaction can be intrinsic or extrinsic in different cases. The organization needs a comprehensive method that exclusively coves the affective, cognitive and behavioural elements while assessing the level of job satisfaction in the firm. Proposed measures of job satisfaction Job satisfaction is the product of the interplay between various elements related to a job. The two most critical measures of job satisfaction are psychological factors and organizational factors. Psychological factors such as opportunities for growth, acknowledgement, feedback for improvement, the scope for innovation, relationship with superiors, autonomy and flexibility help in building a positive or negative attitude towards the job (Neog Barua, 2014). The presence of these elements facilitates in creating an affirmative work culture where employees feel motivated to perform at higher levels (Jiskani, Bhatti Ahmed, 2011). The organizational measures such as compensation management, financial and non-financial rewards, performance management system and company policies play a crucial role in assessing the employees job satisfaction level. These factors are explicit as they are vital in fulfilling the lower order needs (Aydin Bulent, 2009). A transparent and systematic performance appraisal process ensures that every employee receives a fair reward for his performance (Stredwick, 2005). The organizational measures should be given equal importance while measuring the job satisfaction to create a committed and empowered workforce. The psychological and organizational measures of job satisfaction are two critical aspects of a job. According to Herzberg two factor theory (1959), organizational factors are hygiene factors whose absence may cause dissatisfaction in the workplace. However, their presence doesnt guarantee job satisfaction unless motivators or psychological factors are present also. Therefore, the motivators like recognition, autonomy at work play an instrumental role in bringing satisfaction because they are inherent (Herzberg, Mausner Synderman, 1959). It is a vital fact that both measures of job satisfaction bear a significant magnitude in creating an overall impact on job satisfaction (Stredwick, 2005). It is advisable that the company in concern should devise a process with a balanced approach between the two measures of job satisfaction. Strategies to increase job satisfaction This section focuses on some concrete strategies that should be implemented to enhance the level of job satisfaction in the organization. A comprehensive effort at the system level is necessary for sustainable results. Some strategies for increasing employee contentment at the workplace are discussed below. Foster an organic culture. The primary characteristic of organic corporate culture is the empowered employees who are free to experiment and innovate. In the organic culture, communication takes place in all the directions (Hage, 1965). Employees get invitations to express their opinions and views on all the strategic matters. Further, employees get frequent recognition for their contributions at the individual and team level. They get learning opportunities so that they can study latest technology and skills prevailing in the market. Employees trust their leaders and managers. They collaborate, coordinate and connect with others to create a friendly work environment which yields higher productivity (Lunenburg, 2012). The report recommends that the company should flatten the hierarchy and adopt a team-based work philosophy so that the decision making can be decentralized and employees feel engaged and empowered. Further, the communication channels must be strengthened to motivate emp loyees to share honest feedback, creative ideas and constructive suggestions. The report also recommends building value and ethics-driven work culture. Provide competitive compensation packages. It is advisable that the company must give salaries, perks and benefits after considering the ongoing rates. If needed, it is desirable to conduct a job evaluation to determine the worth of every job to revise the packages accordingly. The non-financial benefits should also be adequately included to create a balanced salary structure. Additionally, work-life balance is a crucial factor these days. The company can offer flexible working hours, work-from-home and other benefits to increase job satisfaction among employees. The opportunities for promotion, incentives, and increments play a significant role in boosting the morale of employees. The benefits related to health, maternity, retirement and social security are equally important. Create Assessment Centres. Assessment centres help in gauging the potential of employees to prepare them for higher and strategic positions. Assessment centres efficiently help in skill mapping and drawing the gap between present skills and required skills to create a competitive workforce (Tripathi, 2016). The centre judges the emotional, cognitive and behavioural competencies of employees and helps in improving them continuously. The report recommends developing a dedicated assessment centre for career and succession planning of employees. Employees feel satisfied and worthy when they get chances for training and learning on a regular basis. Conclusion Convincingly, job satisfaction is an integral element of a competitive workforce in which employees are loyal, committed and efficient. The presence of hygiene and motivating factors help in raising the level of job satisfaction in the workplace. The recommended strategies and interventions are bound to produce a positive impact on the overall job satisfaction of employees through planned implementation and execution. References Aydin Bulent. (2009). A research analysis on employee satisfaction in terms of organizational culture and spiritual leadership. International Journal of Management. Hage, J. (1965). An axiomatic theory of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10, 289-320. Herzberg, F, Mausner, B, Snyderman, B. (1959).The motivation to work(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Jiskani, S., Bhatti, K., Ahmed, S. (2011). Measuring job satisfaction level of government sector employees: A case of bureau of statistics, Government of Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(1), 19-26. Kaliski, B.S. (2007). Encyclopaedia of business and finance (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thompson Gale. Lease, S. H. (1998). Annual review, 19931997: Work attitudes and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 53(2), 154183. Lunenburg, F. (2012). Mechanistic-organic organizationsAn axiomatic theory: authority based on bureaucracy or professional norms. International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity 14(1), 1-7. Neog, B., Barua, M. (2014). Factors influencing employees job satisfaction: An empirical study among employees of automobile service workshops in Assam. The SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial Business Management 2 (7), 305-316. Saari, L. Judge, T. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395-407. Stredwick, J. (2005). Introduction to human resource management, 2nd ed., Burlington: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Tripathi, R. (2016). Assessment centres: benefits and shortcomings. Emerging Research in Management Technology, 5(2), 1-34.