Dividend Policy Essay

Presentation Allude to Figure 1. Okay say that Montgomery’s arrangement up to now has been to deliver a steady profit, with intermittent increments as the organization develops? Montgomery has kept up the profit arrangement of delivering a standard profit to their partners. This consistent profit arrangement expands each time the firm creates. Since 200, the sum focused on delivering profits has developed every year, except specific accentuation has been put on the figures that show profits paid on each offer. In 2000, they paid$1. 36, 2001 they paid $1.48, 2002 they paid $ 1.70, 2003 and 2004 the firm paid $1.76 every year, and in 2005 it delivered profit for each portion of $ 1.96 demonstrating a consistent increment over the six years. The top-level administration has been sure about the steady or slight yearly increment of the DPS in view of the yearly ascent in the general number of offers each year since 2000 (Baker, 2009). Allude to Figure 2. What kind of profit strategies would you say are being rehearsed by Montgomery’s rivals in the retailing business? Do you imagine that any organizations are following a lingering arrangement? J.C. Penney 1999â â â â â â â â â â  2000â  2001â  2002â  2003â  2004â  2005 EPS   â â â â â â â â â â â â â $2.75â â â â â â â â â â  $2.94  $3.13  $2.91  $2.66  $3.53  $4.70 DPS   â â â â â â â â â â â â â $0.92â â â â â â â â â â  $1.00  $1.08  $1.18  $1.18  $1.24  $1.48 Payout Ratioâ â â â â 33.5%â â â â â â â â 34.0%â â 34.5%â 40.6%â 44.4%â 35.1%â 31.5%  Dollar General 1999â â â â â â â â â  2000â  2001â  2002â  2003â  2004â  2005 EPS   â â â â â $0.38â â â â â â â  $0.61  $0.81  $1.10  $0.95  $0.23  $0.30 DPS   â â â â â â $0.09â â â â â â  $0.11  $0.13  $0.17  $0.20  $0.20  $0.20 Payout Ratio 23.7%â â 18%â â 16.1%â 15.5%â 21.1%â 87.0%â 66.7% Wal-Mart Stores 1999â â â â  2000â  2001â  2002â  2003â  2004â  2005 EPS   â â â  â â â â $0.16â â â â  $0.23  $0.35  $0.48  $0.58  $0.80  $1.10 DPS   â â â â â â â â â $0.02â â â  $0.02  $0.04  $0.05  $0.07  $0.09  $0.12 Payout Ratioâ â 12.5% 8.7%â â 11.4%â 10.4%â 12.1%â 11.3%â 10.9% The fundamental contenders that Montgomery has been rivaling are Wal-store, J.C Penney, and Dollar General. The two firms are utilizing a similar strategy utilized by Montgomery as they endeavor to build their profit per share every year. In 2004, in spite of Earnings per share, diminishing by over 75% the profit per share was held at $0.20. The dollar expanded their benefits by over 17% regardless of the EPS diminishing by 14%. Unmistakably a development and stable profit are basic variables considered by any developing retail organization. We see that Wal-Mart, which is the greatest retail industry, likewise disregards accentuating on capital development as they go for dependability in profit and development. A similar case applies to J.C Penney, who keeps up a steady profit for every offer in spite of vacillations in EPS. Montgomery has the most elevated normal payout proportion contrasted with even Wal-Mart in view of the extensive stretch they have been in the business and with a similar profit approach, their DPS increment consistently (Baker, 2009).  Question Two Ascertain the normal come back to the regular investors under the firm’s present approach, given a normal profit one year from now of $2.10 and a development pace of 7.1 percent. Montgomery’s stock at present sells for $35.(Use the profit development model): Expected return (Ke) = D1/P0 + g D1 = $2.10, g = 7.1%, P0 = $35, Ke, Anticipated that arrival should investor = $2.10/$35 + 7.1% = 6+ 7.1 = 13.1% Expect that, if Don Jackson’s proposition were received, next year’s profit would be zero, however income development would ascend to 14 percent. What will be the normal come back to the investors (expecting different components are held consistent)? Embracing Don’s recommendation will see the Stockholders procure no profit by any means, yet the development will increment by 14% with a normal return continuing as before as the development rate. Anticipated that Return should Stock holders= 0/$35+ 14% = 14%. Don’s proposal will see the partners appreciate an extra 0.9% on their normal return, hence the need to see the benefits of Don’s strategy. Consequently, the firm can't totally overlook changing to a lingering profit arrangement. Then again, similar investors will just make a 14% increase by selling their offers yet the present profit arrangement procures them a 13.1%. Since there are no points of interest delighted in by capital addition because of existing enactment, at that point it could be insightful for the Company to keep up the profit strategy they are utilizing. This is on the grounds that the investors could possibly profit by leftover profit arrangement if the firm developed to 14% a reality that is just hypothesis. In the event that the development fall below13. 1% then the present framework is as yet the best (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question three Don’s proposal bolsters the way that profit and capital spending plan ought to be paid from the current year’s total compensation, a case that is false. This happens in light of the fact that the firm is being constrained by the money they are holding. The company’s balance in 2005 was $3,235,000 being the most extreme sum that can be paid to the capital spending plan along with a profit without redistributing for assets or sell its current resources. Delivering profits from held income will constrain firms to sell their property since they are not hard money (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question four Wear says the expense of the outside financing is more costly than the expense of inside financing, because of the buoyancy costs charged by venture investors. Given the information you have, what might you say is the firm’s cost of interior value financing?  The expense of obtaining from outside sources might be higher due to costs acquired during buoyancy. Expect Montgomery can sell securities estimated to yield 13 percent. What is the firm’s after-charge cost of obligation? (The expense rate is 25 percent. Securities yield=13%. Accordingly, after expense cost = 13%, duplicate by (1-0.25) = 9.75%. Given the expense of obligation and the expense of interior value financing, why doesn’t Montgomery simply acquire the aggregate sum expected to subsidize the capital spending plan and the profit too. Getting cash for capital spending plan and profit will influence the obligation value, making it be messed up as it will expand the expense of financing of obligations just as the expenses of all other money related methods  (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question five Do you oblige Clarence Autry’s remark that it is what the investors need that matters, not their all out pace of return? Why or why not? Mr. Autry is against the lingering profit approach. This  means that the investors won't have a state or inclination on the kind of reimbursement they get for putting resources into Montgomery as long as they acquire the most significant yields. On the off chance that they are allowed the chance to pick, they won't go for that arrangement. There are no guidelines for deciding if investors can have an inclination or the amount they will profit by it, in this manner making the issue dubious. Be that as it may, the retailing business as appeared in the figures above for Wal-store, J C Penney and dollar, they give investors an inclination which is taking the present profit paid instead of putting the money in increasingly appealing ventures (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question six Barbara Reynolds proposes that, if money is required for the capital financial plan, a stock profit could be fill in for a money profit. Do you concur? How would you figure the investors would respond? Notwithstanding their response, is the stock profit an identical substitute for a money profit? As much as the firm is in a situation to deliver share profit and not money profit, not all investors will be agreeable for some will feel that nothing was really paid to them. This is so in light of the fact that the offer profit is simply yet a negligible paper which the investors sign to make more offers. This could possibly get useful on the off chance that it expanded the investors complete money profit which will go into the job of a stock profit to monitor reserves (Baker, 2009). Question seven After everything is said and done, do you think the firm’s profit approach matters? Assuming this is the case, what do you think Montgomery’s strategy ought to be. In the case of going for lingering profit strategy or installment of a money profit, each budgetary expert has their perspectives. Many would contend that acquiring to contribute as opposed to utilizing the accessible cash would build costs because of buoyancy that are related with getting from outside sources consequently need to go for a remaining profit approach. Then again, Montgomery being an old firm that is utilized to the present profit arrangement will be in an ideal situation adhering to it. Therefore, leave remaining profit approach for new rising retail organizations (Baker, 2009). References Dough puncher, K.â (2009). ‘Dividends and Dividend policy.’eighth release, Harvard Business School Press: New York. Dough puncher, K. and Filbeck, G.â (2012). ‘Alternative speculations: Instruments, Performance, Benchmark and Strategies.’2nd version, Harvard Business School Press: New York.       Â

History Of The Car Essays - Car, Auto Racing, Automotive Industry

History of the Car History of the Car Individuals lives changed more during twentieth century than in any past period ever. With such a significant number of innovations came in this period, there are not many of them that have affected and changed world more than car. Since a great many people alive today have developed up in the car age, the effect of the vehicle on the general public is not entirely obvious. Out of trials in numerous spots and with numerous components of structure, the fundamental highlights of the vehicle developed when the new century rolled over. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and particularly in the 1890's, much work was conveyed in France, Germany, Great Britain, Austria, and United States to create pragmatic structures of both vehicle and engine. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler, who had recently worked with Dr Nikolaus August Otto, applied a solitary chamber furthermore, air-cooled vertical machine to a carriage. A couple of years after the fact Daimler made his initial four wheeled wooden assembled light wagonnete controlled by petroleum. Karl Benz of Manheim (Germany) at that point constructed a motor explicitly planned for engine vehicles, prompting the four-wheelers (Thomas 321). As petroleum vehicles turned out to be progressively trustworthy the upside of not pausing until steam was created gave them clear predominance over the liners, what's more, the self-starter removed the chief preferred position from electric impetus. Toward the start of the century, petroleum driven inward ignition engine vehicle had built up itself as the prevailing mechanical street vehicle and begun its extension with incredible speed (Ware 291). In 1894, the French paper La Petit Diary acquainted another creation with the more extensive open by sorting out a preliminary run of engine vehicles from Paris to Rouen. In 1895 the race was sorted out from Paris to Bordeaux. The victor arrived at the midpoint of fifteen miles 60 minutes. In the principal decade of 1900's, French driven the world in the creation of vehicles, and cars even participated in French armed force moves. In England, they were permitted to go on streets at fourteen miles 60 minutes. Around a similar time in the United States, Henry Ford was making twin-chamber water-cooled motor vehicles, which went at 25 miles 60 minutes. (Zeldin II 640). Vehicle proprietorship from the get-go in the century was restricted to the rich and advantaged. The transformation in the entire character of the vehicle, just as its strategy of assembling, was made by the presentation of large scale manufacturing. In 1908, Henry Ford, a rancher's kid from Michigan with little instruction, imagined the possibility of a vehicle intended for the general population. After cautious assessment of the Sears Roebuck manufacturing plant, he started large scale manufacturing of his model T vehicle. The advantage of this large scale manufacturing was a low-estimated what's more, reasonable vehicle. It was the start of large scale manufacturing and mass acknowledgment of autos. The result was that, in 1913, there were at that point over a million autos on the United States streets as contradicted to 200,000 in Great Britain, 90,000 in France, and a negligible 70,000 in Germany (Zeldin 649). Vehicles, which were not referenced in the statistics of the US's business in 1900, before long will be at the highest priority on the rundown. The quick improvement of vehicles required an incredible scope of offices. When the new century rolled over and for about two decades into the 1900's, most streets kept on being made of sand, earth, or soil. Thus, when it came down, they became messes. The streets surfaced with rock or sand which had served for the traffic of the pony drawn vehicles, were before long see as altogether deficient for engine transport. The vehicle prepared a dust storm, slackened and wore the surface, and stalled the roadbed with its weight. In 1903, The Grand Prix car race from Paris to Madrid was canceled in the mid-course after a large number of the drivers, blinded by dust, collided with demise. It wasn't until the finish of the principal decade of this century, at the point when present day street building strategies started to develop quickly, that streets started to be cleared with concrete. Constructors began to utilize black-top, which gave a strong surface (Ware 294). By than, be that as it may, there were thousands autos around the world. In this way, driving a vehicle in the early some portion of the century was more experience than delight. Stalling out in mud halfway through outing, hitting a trench and breaking a hub or sliding into a discard were very regular events for early drivers. Vehicle travel relied on the accessibility of the fuel. In the first place the fuel assets were situated in the couple of spots, for example, United States, northern South America, Romania, what's more, southern Russia. Retail petroleum gracefully focuses were required along the streets. Vehicle ventures,

Total Physical Response to Teach Vocabulary Research - 2200 Words

Total Physical Response to Teach Vocabulary Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Total physical response to teach vocabularyA proposal by:Student nameID: 00000000Supervised by: Dr. fffff fffffDepartment of Applied Linguistics213931574104500YANBU UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, YANBU AL SINAIYAHOctober, 2015.AbstractThis research is based on the strategic Total Physical Response (TRP) in learning vocabulary. The results seek to show he effectiveness of using TRP methods as compared to the normal methods, i.e. Audio-language methods. Six middle school girls are used for the administration of the pre-tests and post-tests. One questionnaire is also issued to the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ English instructor. However, more emphasis should be laid on the TRP method with regard to foreign language programs.IntroductionRetention rates as concerns various activities vary as far as age or the particular activity are concerned. For instance, adult and children understanding could be the difference in retention rates. However, practice matters in an explicable way. By practic e, physical activity and response during the vocabulary learning is implied in determining the retention rates.Physical activity is made about playing and outside interactions. Similarly, training that is referred to as acting-out in learning languages is referred to as a physical response. The physical response sustains a learnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s effort and interest hence have a motivational power. On average, the normal adult learner allocates a limited amount of time, say two hours, to language learning programs. The lack of generosity in time allocation is unrealistic for the expectation of fluency in reading, writing, listening and speaking (Khyrat, 1990).Total physical response in learning vocabulary takes a strategy where learners or applicants listen to a given command in a foreign language and follow the instruction with a physical response. For instance, a Japanese language instructor will say tate and the student will obey by standing up. The Japanese language learner will wal k forward when he or she is told aruke by the instructor (Lawson Hogben, 1996). These are beginner one-word utterances that assist in the reduction of syntactical complexity of the foreign language. Various studies have supported the incorporation of the Defense Language Institute or the Berlitz school for second language learning curriculums Honorat, 2003).Statement of the ProblemMinimal effectiveness is experienced in foreign language programs. In fact, the over-ambitious nature of our expectation is exceeded. There is the lack of high positive transfer in communication while speaking a new language. The result is minimal skills in the listening and speaking comprehensions. There are inadequate or non-existent approaches to the learning strategies of the total physical response. The morphological complexity of a foreign language is inbuilt, or attitude based should there be the absence of total physical responses. Retention rates are lower in adults as compared to children (Honor at, 2003). This could be explained by the lack of total physical response approaches.Fluency in a foreign language completely differs in children and adults. Whereas adults have the ability to grasp and understand the language due to their maturity levels, children tend to achieve fluency easily. Further, children get along in learning the foreign language in less time in comparison to their adult counterparts. The retention rates are explained in the concurrent responses that children make that result in better retention scores.Purpose of the StudyThe effectiveness of the total physical response in teaching vocabulary is the main focus of this study. Foreign language instructors have different techniques in helping their learners retain the language vocabularies. For instance, recitation of songs, words, reading excerpts, and writing short and long passages go a long way in helping learners learn a new language. However, this study aims at questioning their effectiveness in compari son to simple one and multiple-word utterances that are followed by physical actions.Additionally, this study seeks to question whether attitude change as refers to language complexity can be improved via fun activities. For instance, does the instructor give the students a chance of learning the language in class in practical other than the usual theoretical ways.Research Questions. * What is the effect of Strategic Total Physical Response on teaching vocabulary? * What explanation is there in explaining this techniqueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s effectiveness? * What are the advantages of using the Total Physical Response method in the teaching of English vocabulary to a student?Literature ReviewDefinition of key conceptsThe Total Physical Response (TPR) refers to a language teaching technique. There is physical action in one-word utterances or acting out during retention tests. Students are expected to coordinate the new language they are learning to physical movement under the supervision of la nguage instructors. This technique was invented by James Asher of San JosÃÆ' State University in the 1960s. He was a professor emeritus of psychology. Foreign language fluency is enhanced through memory coordination with physical activity.Vocabulary refers to the stock of words in use in a particular language. It consists of a collection of phrases and words of a technical field or language. They are defined and arranged in disciplines and are the fundamental tools for knowledge acquisition and communication. . Vocabulary arrangement can also be alphabetically (Khyrat, 1990). Each vocabulary has a meaning, an affix, and a root. Close analysis and understanding of vocabulary results in the entire learning and retention of a language. Language instructors employ the use of dictionaries, written texts, and word cards in teaching vocabulary.Previous Studies in the LiteraturePrevious research about TPR has helped shed light on its operation. The importance, procedures, and setting of th is technique are also widely highlighted. The rationale for the current study has a relation to the mentioned previous studies.Honorat (2003) takes a practical and theoretical evaluation and overview of TPR. His main focus is on Total Physical Response Storytelling (TPRS). Students attempt to give a brief shallow or detailed story. Honorat (2003) cites little research on TPRS legitimacy but wide application in schools and universities in the USA. He examines the theoretical underpinnings of the strategy and discusses better retention rates as a potential benefit. He suggests an academic approach to the TPRS examination including its practical descriptions. Its drawbacks including the challenge it presents to some students are discussed in detail. All in all, Honorat acknowledges its use and effectiveness (Honorat, 2003).Wong (1983) experiments English teaching as a second language to third-grade Chinese students. She compares the effectiveness of the TPR approach to the Audio-Lingua l approach. She uses pretests and posttests in determining oral language achievement in a quantifiable measure. She seeks to determine whether there is a difference between third-grade Chinese students learning English in the audio-lingual approach and those instructed using the TPR approach. She concludes that students taught using the latter approach gained more. Therefore, TPR was more effective for third-grade Chinese students than the audio-lingual technique (Wong, 1983).Gustafson (1989) in his research titled, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Total Physical Response (TPR) as a logical method of foreign language instruction based on patterns of first language acquisitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ explores the use of recent foreign language instruction techniques. He determines their disadvantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of the TPR method is the better retention rates and increased fluency levels. Further, the research explored the application of the method in the instruction of German 101 and German 102 by the use of a required textbook. Model lessons plans that were based on Deutsche Sprache und Landeskunde were presented. These model plans applied the TPR approach when specific textbooks were in use (Gustafson, 1989).An alternative method for Egyptian beginners learning English as a Foreign Language was sought in a research by Mohamed Khyrat Mahmoud (Khyrat, 1990). The research also aimed at exploring studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ receptive strategies and behaviors to the various listening comprehension materials. Experimental and descriptive studies were conducted on a hundred male students. The experimental focus group was taught using the Asherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s TPR method while the control group was instructed using the audio-lingual (AL) method. Pretests and posttests were adopted an administered for the equivalent groups. Listening comprehension tests were also administered to both groups. The verbal results were determined with their corresponding reports being developed (K hyrat, 1990).The protocol analysis method for data analysis for the quantitative and qualitative subjectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ reports analyses was used. A coding scheme for the ultimate retrospective reports and the concurrent think-aloud protocols was coded (Khyrat, 1990). Successful and unsuccessful listeners with regards to the listening comprehension tests had common strategies and behaviors in performance. However, successful subjects gave higher protocols than their unsuccessful counterparts. The result concluded that the TPR instruction method was significantly productive than the AL method. The result was regarding the listening comprehension rate of attainment. TPR proved more practical and feasible in the English Foreign Language (EFL) program in Egypt (Khyrat, 1990). It was recommended as a good strategy to mastering the listening skill for EFL students.In concluding the literatu...

Essay on Nursing Theories and Their Importance in Nursing

Nursing theories and their importance in nursing Jennifer J. Wilson Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Instructor Berens 1/12/15 Nursing Theory is often defined as,† an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing† (Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, 2012). Nursing theories can help patients, managers and other healthcare professionals to recognize what and how much that nurses do contribute to the healthcare field. I never did realize how important theories in nursing practice could be until I became a nursing student myself. Nurses use theories in their everyday practice, but never think about them as being responsible†¦show more content†¦Summary of Nursing Theory The Environment theory was formed when Nightingale found that the health institutions had poor sanitation, health workers had little education and training and were frequently incompetent and unreliable in attending to the needs of the patients. She stated in her nursing notes that nursing is an act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (Nightingale, 1860). I selected this theory because it still plays a very important part in our nursing practice today. The purpose of this theory is that Nightingale believed that the environment could be altered to improve conditions so that the natural laws would allow healing to occur. These ideas grew from observations that poor or difficult environments led to poor health and disease. Nurses today still follow all of the appropriate safety protocols in order to protect healthcare workers as well as the patients from further infections. For example, nurses have personal protective equipment (PPE) that can be used according to protocols for protection as well as other safety procedures to follow. Nightingale also felt that a nurturing environment could make a difference in the health of the patient. 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Essay on Affirmative Action A Road to Discrimination and...

Affirmative Action: A Road to Discrimination and Prejudice Affirmative action: these words bring to mind many different things to many different people. To some it is a leveler of the playing field and a right for past injustices, but to others it is a tool used to cause reverse discrimination and continues prejudices. Affirmative action was born into a time when our country was attempting to provide equality for all and was only intended to be a temporary measure to bring about this equality into areas where it had been lacking. Now almost forty years later this temporary measure known as affirmative action is still being used and has in the most part failed to bring about the equality it was supposed to. Instead, we have today a†¦show more content†¦From this beginning one can see that affirmative action was too narrow in scope to ever actually level the playing field or to make up for past injustices to all without discriminating against some. The main focus of affirmative action was on education and employment. It required that measures be used to ensure that minorities and women be given the same opportunities for promotions, salary increases, career advancements, school admissions, scholarships, and financial aid that all others were given (Brummer, 2003), but originally did not state how this was to be accomplished. By 1970, the federal government had established regulations which required affirmative action through goals and timetables. While unintended in conception, in practice, these too often encouraged preferential treatment for members of one group over members of another. Ultimately affirmative action became based on preferential treatment in the form of quotas and other efforts that made race and gender the determining factors in many aspects of employment and admission to colleges (Wilson, 1995, p. 111). 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Essentialism, supports stereotype prejudice, psychologically embedding the thoughts and ideas of these prejudices engrained into the psyche of the individual, making these stereotype prejudice a core value (Bastian, Haslam, 2006). â€Å"People essentialize emotion categories by assuming that members of the same category† behave in the same manner, fostering a prejudice against people (Lindquist, Gendron, Oosterwijk, Barrett, 2013). The psychologicalRead More The E ffects that Affirmative Action Has Had on Past and Future Endeavors of Minorities in the United States2847 Words   |  12 PagesAfrican Americans. That equalizer is affirmative action. Affirmative action is a policy or a program that seeks to redress past discrimination through active measures to ensure equal opportunity, as in education and employment. In addition to providing equal opportunity, affirmative action also serves as a form of reparation for the actions by white America in the past. With the advancement of African Americans in this society, some argue that affirmative action actually is a way to declare inferiorityRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act and the South2391 Words   |  10 Pageslate-twentieth-century American demographic and policy changes. Continuing high immigration, discrimination, and officially designated affirmative-action minority groups will ensure that if the twentieth century has the problem of the color line, the twenty-first will have the problem of color lines. In 1964, Congress passed and President Lyndon Johnson proudly signed the Civil Rights Act. The law was intended to prevent discrimination in a assortment of spheres of life, including public accommodations (TitleRead MoreEssay about Racial Profiling by Police is an Unjust Practice 805 Words   |  4 Pagesorg/publications/reports/racial_profiling/what_is.html/a). This means that under any such program, more African-Americans would be pulled over for random traffic stops and drug/weapon searches, more middle-eastern-Americans would be monitored in government buildings for terrorist action, and more Hispanic-Americans would be followed and watched for gang activity. This same article has over ten different detailed accounts from individuals of minorities that all have a story to tell about how racial profiling singled them out as lawRead MoreEducation In Richard Rodriguezs The Hunger Of Memory977 Words   |  4 PagesRichard Rodriguez, the author of â€Å"The Hunger of Memory,â €  is a Mexican man who rose above prejudices to become a distinguished member of society through education. Sherman Alexie, the author of â€Å"Superman and Me,† is a Native American man who grew up on an Indian reservation with a love of books and a penchant for learning in an attempt to exceed further than the predetermined path set in front of him. Rodriguez perceives education as something that has built a division between him and his family butRead MoreAnalysis Of Richard Rodriguezs Hunger Of Memory1003 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Rodriguez, the author of Hunger of Memory, is a Mexican man who rose above prejudices to become a distinguished member of society through education. Sherman Alexie, the author of â€Å"Superman and Me,† is a Native American man who grew up on an Indian reservation with a love of books and a penchant for learning in an attempt to exceed further than the predetermined path set in front of him. Rodriguez perceives education as someth ing that has built a division between him and his family but allowedRead MoreWorldwide Telecommunications1024 Words   |  5 PagesThousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from: http://informationr.net/ir/reviews/revs227.html Connerley and Pedersen discuss issues that may arise on a day to day basis. The story describes how you can be aware of discrimination, stereotype, and diversity. People of many natures, origins, cultures, and background tend to work with each other and before to long, someone is discriminated against because they are different in some way. These others explain how you canRead MoreAffirmative Action is Ineffective2890 Words   |  12 Pageslimitless opportunity available and equal for all? For years Affirmative Action has tried to level the laying field, but its black field workers are still being oppressed. It is evident that Affirmative action is ineffective with the differences in the number of employed blacks compared to whites and their difficulties to get and keep a job, blacks repetition in society has been tarnished due to stereotypes, and blacks face hidden discrimination. Allover America people are loosing their jobs and

None Essay Paper Example For Students

None Essay Paper Al Capone is one of the most recognized names in American history. Alphonse was born to Neapolitan immigrants Gabriel and Teresa. His surname, originallyCapone. The Capone family included James, Ralph, Salvatore (Frank), Alphonse, John, Albert,Mafalda. Capone was proud to be an American Im no Italian. I was born in Brooklyn, he oftenAl went to school with Salvatore Lucania, later known as Lucky Luciano. At about the age of tenup-and-coming gangster Johnny Torrio, also a Neapolitan. At fourteen he quit school afterLucky Luciano joined a gang known as the Five Pointers, on Manhattans Lower East Side. president of the Unione Siciliane, as a bouncer and bartender. One night he made a remark aboutGalluciano, and Galluciano slashed Capones face with a pocket knife, leaving three large scarsmuch of his criminal career, newspapers would call Capone by the hated name Scarface. forgive Galluciano and, years later, hired him as a bodyguard. Johnny Torrio had moved to Chicago to work for hisuncle, Big Jim Colosimo. Torrio sent for his trustedlieutenant, Capone. Suspected of two murders, Caponewas eager to leave New York. Capone worked underTorrio as a bouncer and thug. On May 11, 1920, BigJim Colosimo was assassinated in his own cafe by anunknown killer. Johnny Torrio was now the leader ofthe most powerful gang in Chicago, and Capone hisTorrio imposed a peace treaty on the other gangs,which lasted until the OBanion-Genna war. Torrio wasshot by OBanion men in reprisal for OBanions slaying. He survived, barely. Before retiring to Italy, Torrioturned over leadership of his gang to Capone. The Di Vito monument, a short distance east of theBishops mausoleum, features busts of Mr. and Mrs. Di Vito in shallow alcoves. The Ionic columns on theside are partially covered with clinging vines. Mount Carmel is one of Chicagos finest graveyards. It is located in west suburban Hillside,Heaven. Mt Carmel is the oldest Catholic cemetery in the western part of the Archdiocese ofThe vast majority of persons buried here are Italian. Italian traditions include statuary, andprivate mausoleums. There are over 400 private family mausoleums in Mt. Carmel, more thanItalian immigrants in Chicago preserved their culture, and Mount Carmel has a wonderfulThe most popular attraction is the Bishops mausoleum, which received over 50,000 visitors inof Cardinal Bernardin in October 1996. But to many, Mt. Carmel is equally famous for thegangsters of the 1920s including Al Capone, best known of them all. Bibliography:I really cant say anything

Pygmies Essays - African Pygmies, Mbuti People, Ef People

Pygmies Pygmy groups are scattered throughout equatorial Africa, from Cameroon in the west to Zambia in the southeast. In Zaire, there are three main groups of Pygmies: the Tswa in the west, the Twa between Lake Kivu and Lake Tanganyika, and the Mbuti (also referred to as Bambuti or BaMbuti) of the Ituri Forest. According to Schebesta, the author of the earliest reliable reports, only the Mbuti are true Pygmies, i.e., under 150 cm. in height and relatively unmixed with neighboring peoples. The other groups are referred to as Pygmoids, being highly intermixed with other peoples both physically and culturally (Turnbull 1965A: 159-B). The following summary refers only to the Mbuti Pgymies of the Ituri Forest in Zaire. The Mbuti are located at lat. 0 degrees-3 degrees N and long. 26 degrees-30 degrees E. Their territory is a primary rain forest. The Mbuti have conventionally been divided into three groups, which are distinct from each other linguistically, economically, and geographically. Each of the three groups speaks a different language (which corresponds to the language spoken by neighboring villagers), practices different hunting techniques, and is territorially distinct. The Aka speak the Mangbetu language (Sudanic family), hunt primarily with spears, and live in the north. These spear-hunters have not been extensively studied. The Efe speak the Lese language (Sudanic family), are archers, and are located in the east. The Efe were studied by Schebesta. The Sua speak the Bira language (Bantu branch of the Benue-Congo family), hunt with nets, and live to the south. They were studied by Putnam and Turnbull. The most profound difference between the three groups, the linguistic difference, is, according to Turnbull, of recent origin and is purely accidental (Turnbull 1965B 22-23). Furthermore, in spite of the fact that the three languages are very different, there are enough similarities in intonation to make it possible for Pygmies to recognize, if not comprehend, each other. All of the Pygmies of the Ituri Forest recognize themselves by the term Mbuti, and the only political identity they have is in opposition to the village cultivators. The Mbuti as a whole are clearly distinct from these village neighbors both racially and culturally, and, Turnbull says, the economic differences between the three Mbuti groups mask a basic structural unity (Turnbull 1965B: 22-23). Since there has never been an official demographic census, it is impossible to give an accurate estimate of the total Mbuti population. From discussion with missionaries and administrators and from his own experience, however, Turnbull guessed that the population was approximately 40,000 in 1958 (Turnbull 1965B: 26). The Mbuti live in territorially defined nomadic bands. The membership of these bands is very fluid. Bands have no formal political structure; there are no chiefs, and there is no council. An informal consensus among old respected men is the basis of decisions affecting the entire camp. In spite of Turnbull's insistence on basic structural unity, the differences in hunting techniques aqppear to have considerable effect upon the nature of the band organization. Net hunting is a cooperative venture, requiring the cooperation of the whole band, including the women and children. Archery, on the other hand, is primarily a family venture, requiring only two or three men. The most obvious distinction resulting from the economic differences is that of band size. Archer bands average about 6 huts per band, while net-hunting bands average about 15 huts. The Mbuti maintain relationships with surrounding village cultivators whose languages the Mbuti have adopted. Many accounts indicate that the Mbuti are highly acculturated and have adopted many features of villager lifestyle beyond language, such as the clan system and certain religious observances. Turnbull feels that these features are quite superficial, however. The relationship between the Mbuti and the villagers is maintained on several different levels, centering around trade. The Pygmies bring the villagers honey and meat in return for plantation products. This economic exchange can occur on several levels: between the band and the village as a whole (capita/chief), between lineage and lineage (lineage elder/Kpara), or between individuals (kare/kare). The first type of relationship does not occur very often, exchanges being more easily conducted on an interpersonal basis. The lineage relationship is hereditary on both sides. The kare brotherhood is established in nkumbi initiations. In the nkumbi initiation, male villagers and Mbuti are circumcised. The relationship established in the initiation is continued throughout life and centers around economic exchange. The religious life of the Mbuti is not at all clear. Early reports state that they had no religion at all, and later reports dwell on whether or not the Mbuti relationship to the supernatural structurally constitutes religion (usually defined by belief in one supreme being) or magic. In